Victorian spiritualism: the telegraph made seances plausible
Two girls in New York State claimed in 1848 to talk to a ghost. Science, and a new wire technology, helped the craze take root in Britain.
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A Baltimore novelty firm sold Ouija as a Victorian family game
Baltimore's Kennard Novelty Company sold Ouija in 1890 to cash in on Spiritualism. The Exorcist, in 1973, turned a date-night toy into a feared object.
A Serbian village gave Europe the word 'vampire' in 1725
An Austrian official's report on a staked corpse in Kisiljevo put 'vampyri' into print. Overcrowded graves and village terror did the rest.
A German court ordered every Nosferatu print burnt
Bram Stoker's widow sued over an unlicensed Dracula film and won. The studio went bankrupt, but a few prints survived abroad and the film lived on.
Poe turned gothic clichés into horror of the mind
Edgar Allan Poe took live burial and doubles from a tired genre and set them inside the mind. The Guardian traces who followed him.
Posada gets credit for Mexico's Day of the Dead skeletons
A 1792 Mexican novel and its engraver, Francisco Agüera Bustamante, laid groundwork that Posada's satirical prints later made famous.
Ireland's barmbrack hides a ring, a coin and a cloth
Irish bakers sell barmbrack each autumn. Whoever finds a charm in a slice reads it as an omen of marriage, money or lean times.
Bats and Halloween: what the myths get wrong
Only three bat species drink blood, and other bats forage for insects and fruit. The Natural History Museum and National Geographic sort fact from legend.
In Edinburgh's Blair Street Vaults, the dark is the attraction
Mercat Tours, which runs the Blair Street Vaults, says Edinburgh's gory past sells its ghost tours, and that underground the lack of light does the rest.
Irish immigrants swapped turnip lanterns for pumpkins in America
Irish immigrants carved turnips for Halloween. In America they found a bigger vegetable, and the old lantern lost out. Modern Farmer traces the switch.
What China's hukou permit costs a rural migrant
China's hukou ties welfare to where you are registered. Rural migrants in cities earn less, struggle to get welfare, and often leave their children behind.
Hilbert's fully-booked hotel always finds room for one more
David Hilbert's 1924 thought experiment of a hotel with infinite rooms shows how infinity breaks the ordinary rules of counting.
One ambassador's speech, and 200 miles of ocean for every coast
A 1967 UN speech about seabed minerals began the process behind the 1982 Law of the Sea treaty, which gave coastal states a 200-mile economic zone.
Japan has had five prime ministers in five years
Japan's leader answers to the ruling party rather than to voters directly, so a bad poll or a scandal can end a premiership within a year.
Village girls bobbed for apples to find a future husband
Apple bobbing began as fortune-telling. The Guardian describes girls dunking for fruit marked with a suitor's initial, and a peel flung over a shoulder.
A Celtic fire festival and a Church feast made Halloween
Samhain marked summer's end in Celtic Ireland, and Church feasts on 1 and 2 November gave it the name Halloween. Here is what the sources can show.
Northern England still keeps Mischief Night alive
Mischief Night, a night of treacle and egg pranks, survives in northern England. The Guardian dates records to 1790. In Detroit it is Devil's Night.
Portland's scream park against Chicago's puppet peepholes
A Portland scream park plans year-round and avoids scaring guests too far. A Chicago puppet haunt gives each of six rooms to different artists.
Monster Mash hit number one in 1962, then the Top 10 in August
Bobby Pickett's 1962 hit cashed in on monster films and the Mashed Potato dance craze, then outlived both, says Billboard.
The Celtic origin of Halloween costumes rests on thin evidence
BBC Bitesize and Smithsonian Magazine say Celts wore disguises at Samhain, but the Guardian finds the evidence thin. Witch outfits came later.
Audiences who fainted gave The Exorcist its cursed name
IndieWire says cinemagoers fainted and fell ill in 1973, which fed talk of a curse. William Friedkin says he made a film about faith, not horror.
Carpenter made Halloween for $300,000, and slashers followed
John Carpenter and Debra Hill made Halloween on a tiny budget. Carpenter says its low cost is why other producers copied it.
How did Halloween take over Shibuya in Tokyo, Japan?
Halloween in Shibuya grew from an expat subway party into crowds of tens of thousands, and in 2023 the local mayor asked visitors to stay away.
Dracula in Whitby: what Bram Stoker took from the harbour
Bram Stoker's 1890 stay in Whitby gave Dracula a wrecked ship, a black dog and a name found in a library book, say The Guardian and the BBC.