Diplomats in Berlin wrote the rules for seizing Africa
At the 1884-85 Berlin Conference, European diplomats set the terms of colonisation with no African present, then settled many borders in later deals.
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A vote on autonomy, and East Timor's road to independence
East Timor's 1999 UN ballot asked about autonomy within Indonesia, yet everyone read it as an independence vote. Violence followed, then a UN mission.
Spain's 1697 cession to France began Hispaniola's split
Spain ceded western Hispaniola to France in 1697, and it became Haiti. The Dominican Republic later broke away from Haiti, not Spain, in 1844.
Australia's Stolen Generations survivors still wait on redress
Nearly 30 years after the Bringing Them Home inquiry, the Healing Foundation says Stolen Generations survivors still lack records, care and redress.
Chile fought a war and gained a third of its territory
The Spanish colony met fierce Mapuche resistance in the south. Victory over Peru and Bolivia in the War of the Pacific then grew its territory by a third.
Greenland became Danish in three steps, from 1721 to 1953
A 1721 mission, an 1814 treaty and a 1953 change in status tied Greenland to Denmark. Home rule in 1979 and self-government in 2009 gave it more control.