A 1943 report told England to scrap its elite school exam
A wartime committee recommended abolishing England's Higher School Certificate in 1943. Its replacement, the A-level, arrived in 1951 and is still sat today.
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Ofsted in England: why no single lesson decides the grade
An Ofsted grade doesn't come from one classroom visit. It comes from a planning call, six tracked pupils, and evidence built across the whole inspection.
Enem: the exam that decides who gets into university in Brazil
Brazil's Enem replaced universities' separate entrance tests with one national exam that almost every public university now uses to admit students.
How a 1992 law turned Britain's polytechnics into universities
The Further and Higher Education Act 1992 gave 34 British polytechnics degree-awarding powers, ending a divide that had run since 1965.
Chile's flat school voucher sorted pupils by family income
Under Pinochet, Chile paid every school one flat voucher per pupil. Researchers found it rewarded schools for enrolling wealthier families.
No Child Left Behind tied some US school funding to test scores
Congress passed No Child Left Behind by 384 to 45 in the House and 91 to 8 in the Senate. Schools that kept missing targets faced closure.