Russia's Kaliningrad exclave relies on transit through Lithuania
Some goods for Kaliningrad cross EU land under sealed transit rules. In 2022 Lithuania banned transit of sanctioned steel and iron-ore goods, angering Moscow.
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Six countries pooled coal and steel, and built the EU's machinery
The European Coal and Steel Community put French and German heavy industry under one authority in 1952. Its commission, court and assembly became the EU's.
UK pets and Brexit: a new certificate for every EU trip
Since Brexit, taking a dog, cat or ferret from Great Britain to the EU needs an animal health certificate for each trip, at around £100 to £150 a time.
Estonia sells a digital ID card, not a right to live there
Estonian e-residency lets a foreigner start and run a company in Estonia online. It gives no right to enter the country or the EU, and no tax escape.
The EU's GDPR replaced a law from when 1% of Europe was online
The EU's GDPR replaced the 1995 Data Protection Directive. It kept most of the old principles, added accountability, and set fines of up to 4% of revenue.
Home loans become bonds, and the bank picks which ones go in
A mortgage-backed security pools home loans into one bond. US bonds mostly pass income straight through, while the EU counts only bundles cut into risk tiers.