GPS: a timing race between your phone and four satellites
Your phone never talks to a GPS satellite. It times radio signals from four of them, and the FAA says that fixes you to within about 7 metres.
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Your phone never talks to a GPS satellite. It times radio signals from four of them, and the FAA says that fixes you to within about 7 metres.

Even thin frost on a wing cuts lift and adds weight. Crews melt it with heated orange glycol, then add a thicker green fluid to stop new ice forming.

A small starting error grows daily inside the atmosphere's chaos, limiting how far a forecast can see. A warmer ocean can ease that limit, research shows.

Air molecules scatter blue light far more than red. That's why the sky is blue, not because it reflects the sea, and why sunsets turn red.

Bernhard Riemann's 1854 lecture on curved space sat mostly ignored for decades before Albert Einstein built general relativity on its ideas in 1915.

A heat pump carries heat from outdoor air into a home rather than burning fuel. That lets it run far below freezing, and run backwards to cool a room.

Carbon dating measures decaying carbon-14 against stable carbon-12 to work out how long ago an organism died, a method Willard Libby built in Chicago.

Arthur Compton moved the reactor under Stagg Field in 1942 after the planned site stalled. Enrico Fermi's team then ran the first chain reaction.

Sunlight and the solar wind, not a comet's own motion, decide which way its tail streams as the comet swings past the sun.